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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 34/3/415    most recent 0363546505284182v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (1) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Livesay, G. A. Articles by Nauman, E. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Livesay, G. A. Articles by Nauman, E. A. Related Collections Knee

Peak Torque and Rotational Stiffness Developed at the Shoe-Surface Interface

The Effect of Shoe Type and Playing Surface

Glen A. Livesay, PhD^*,, Dawn R. Reda, MS and Eric A. Nauman, PhD

From the Department of Applied Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, Indiana, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, and the School of Mechanical Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

^* Address correspondence to Glen A. Livesay, PhD, Department of Applied Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, 5500 Wabash Avenue, Terre Haute, IN 47803 (e-mail: livesay{at}rose-hulman.edu).

Background: Shoe-surface interactions have been implicated in the high number of noncontact knee injuries suffered by athletes at all levels.

Purpose: To examine shoe-surface interactions on newer field designs and compare these with more traditional shoe-surface combinations. The peak torque and rotational stiffness (the rate at which torque is developed under rotation) were determined.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: A device was constructed to measure the torque versus applied rotation developed between different shoe-surface combinations. Data were collected on 5 different playing surfaces (natural grass, Astroturf, 2 types of Astroplay, and FieldTurf), using 2 types of shoes (grass and turf), under a compressive load of 333 N.

Results: The highest peak torques were developed by the grass shoe–FieldTurf tray and the turf shoe–Astroturf field combinations. The lowest peak torques were developed on the grass field. The turf shoe–Astroturf combination exhibited a rotational stiffness nearly double that of any other shoe-surface combinations.

Conclusion: The differences in the rotational stiffness across all 10 shoe-surface combinations were greater than those of the peak torques. It is possible that rotational stiffness may provide a new criterion for the evaluation of shoe-surface interface.

Clinical Relevance: An improved understanding of shoe-surface interactions remains a critical need to improve the design of shoe-surface combinations with the goal of meeting player needs while minimizing injury potential.

Key Words: Astroturf • Astroplay • FieldTurf • knee injuries • artificial turf

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