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From Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Sports Medicine Biodynamics Center and Human Performance Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Orthopaedic Surgery, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio
* Address correspondence to Timothy E. Hewett, PhD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 10001, Cincinnati, OH 45229 (e-mail: tim.hewett{at}cchmc.org).
The mechanism underlying gender disparity in anterior cruciate ligament injury risk is likely multifactorial in nature. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying the gender difference in anterior cruciate ligament injury rates. These theories include the intrinsic variables of anatomical, hormonal, neuromuscular, and biomechanical differences between genders and extrinsic variables. Identification of both extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors associated with the anterior cruciate ligament injury mechanism may provide direction for targeted prophylactic treatment to high-risk individuals.
Key Words: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) • injury mechanisms • biomechanics • female athlete
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