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From the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, Oslo, Norway
* Address correspondence to Odd-Egil Olsen, PT, MSc, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, PO Box 4014 US, 0806 Oslo, Norway (e-mail: odd-egil. olsen{at}nih.no).
Objective: To describe the mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball.
Study Design: Descriptive video analysis.
Methods: Twenty videotapes of anterior cruciate ligament injuries from Norwegian or international competition were collected from 12 seasons (1988–2000). Three medical doctors and 3 national team coaches systematically analyzed these videos to describe the injury mechanisms and playing situations. In addition, 32 anterior cruciate ligament–injured players in the 3 upper divisions in Norwegian team handball were interviewed during the 1998–1999 season to compare the injury characteristics between player recall and the video analysis.
Results: Two main injury mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball were identified. The most common (12 of 20 injuries), a plant-and-cut movement, occurred in every case with a forceful valgus and external or internal rotation with the knee close to full extension. The other main injury mechanism (4 of 20 injuries), a 1-legged jump shot landing, occurred with a forceful valgus and external rotation with the knee close to full extension. The results from the video analysis and questionnaire data were similar.
Conclusions: The injury mechanism for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball appeared to be a forceful valgus collapse with the knee close to full extension combined with external or internal rotation of the tibia.
Key Words: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury • noncontact injury • injury mechanisms • female team handball • video analysis
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