AJSM
HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (7)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Schulz, M. R.
Right arrow Articles by Bowling, J. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Schulz, M. R.
Right arrow Articles by Bowling, J. M.
Related Collections
Right arrow Epidemiology
Right arrow Female Athletes
Right arrow Other
The American Journal of Sports Medicine 32:396-405 (2004)
© 2004 American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine

A Prospective Cohort Study of Injury Incidence and Risk Factors in North Carolina High School Competitive Cheerleaders

Mark R. Schulz, PhD*,{dagger}, Stephen W. Marshall, PhD{ddagger},§, Jingzhen Yang, MPH§, Frederick O. Mueller, PhD§,||, Nancy L. Weaver, MPH§ and J. Michael Bowling, PhD§

From the {dagger} Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, the {ddagger} Department of Epidemiology & Orthopedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, the § Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and the || Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

* Address correspondence to Mark R. Schulz, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170 (e-mail: mrschulz{at}uncg.edu).

Background: Cheerleaders suffer nearly half of catastrophic injuries observed in female scholastic athletes in the United States. However, incidence of noncatastrophic injury in this population has not been described.

Hypothesis: Coach, athlete, and injury circumstance variables may predict the injury rate among cheerleaders.

Study Design: Prospective cohort.

Methods: The authors investigated injury incidence in a sample of North Carolina female cheerleaders who competed inter-scholastically from 1996 to 1999. Injury, exposure, and demographic data were collected from squads that participated in the North Carolina High School Athletic Injury Study.

Results: Cheerleaders suffered 133 injuries during 1701 athlete seasons. More than 21% of the injuries were ankle sprains. The injury rate was 8.7; the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 6.5 to 11.7 per 10,000 athlete exposures. In a multivariate Poisson regression model, cheerleaders supervised by coaches with the most education, qualifications, and training (coach EQT) had a nearly 50% reduction in injury risk (rate ratio [RR], 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.9), and cheerleaders supervised by coaches with medium coach EQT had a nearly 40% reduction in injury risk (RR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3–1.2) compared to cheerleaders supervised by coaches with low coach EQT.

Key Words: athletic injuries • epidemiology • cheerleading • risk • Poisson regression




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am J Sports MedHome page
G. S. Rebella, J. O. Edwards, J. J. Greene, M. T. Husen, and D. C. Brousseau
A Prospective Study of Injury Patterns in High School Pole Vaulters
Am. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2008; 36(5): 913 - 920.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
S. B. Knowles, S. W. Marshall, J. M. Bowling, D. Loomis, R. Millikan, J. Yang, N. L. Weaver, W. Kalsbeek, and F. O. Mueller
A Prospective Study of Injury Incidence among North Carolina High School Athletes
Am. J. Epidemiol., December 15, 2006; 164(12): 1209 - 1221.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Public HealthHome page
J. Yang, J. M. Bowling, M. A. Lewis, S. W. Marshall, C. W. Runyan, and F. O. Mueller
Use of Discretionary Protective Equipment in High School Athletes: Prevalence and Determinants
Am J Public Health, November 1, 2005; 95(11): 1996 - 2002.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
M. R. Schulz, S. W. Marshall, F. O. Mueller, J. Yang, N. L. Weaver, W. D. Kalsbeek, and J. M. Bowling
Incidence and Risk Factors for Concussion in High School Athletes, North Carolina, 1996-1999
Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2004; 160(10): 937 - 944.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2004 by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.