| HOME | HELP | CONTACT US | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
|
|
|||||||
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools. |
|||||||||
Biomechanics Section, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, England
* Address correspondence and reprint requests to Andrew A. Amis, PhD, Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, England
This study examined four devices for anchorage of hamstring tendons used as anterior cruciate ligament grafts: a stirrup, a clawed washer and screw, and "soft" and round-headed interference screws. Ultimate strength tests were performed using bovine tendons and bones. The stirrup was significantly stronger than the other anchorage devices, failing at 898 N. The clawed washer failed at 502 N, the soft screw at 691 N, and the round-headed screw at 445 N. Cyclic loading to 150 N (to simulate walking) caused elongation of 2.1 mm with the stirrup by 1100 cycles, and 6.7 mm with the clawed washer by 300 cycles. Different hole and soft screw diameters and placements (inside-out versus outside-in) allowed 1- to 3-mm slippage (no significant differences) by 1100 cycles. The round-headed screw allowed 6.8-mm slippage by 1100 cycles, and a sharp edge below the screw head caused tendon damage. Cyclic loads to 450 N (to simulate jogging) were then imposed until failure, and all specimens failed rapidly; only stirrup fixation kept all specimens intact after 300 load cycles. We concluded that anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions using hamstring tendons will slacken if rehabilitation is too aggressive, so forces on the reconstructed ligament should be minimized until tendon-to-bone healing occurs.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. Liu-Barba, S. M. Howell, and M. L. Hull High-Stiffness Distal Fixation Restores Anterior Laxity and Stiffness as Well as Joint Line Fixation With an Interference Screw Am. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2007; 35(12): 2073 - 2082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Eggers, C. Becker, A. Weimann, M. Herbort, T. Zantop, M. J. Raschke, and W. Petersen Biomechanical Evaluation of Different Fixation Methods for Tibial Eminence Fractures Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2007; 35(3): 404 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Mazzocca, K. J. Burton, A. A. Romeo, S. Santangelo, D. A. Adams, and R. A. Arciero Biomechanical Evaluation of 4 Techniques of Distal Biceps Brachii Tendon Repair Am. J. Sports Med., February 1, 2007; 35(2): 252 - 258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Harvey, N. P. Thomas, and A. A. Amis Fixation of the graft in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament J Bone Joint Surg Br, May 1, 2005; 87-B(5): 593 - 603. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. B. Saweeres, J. H. Kuiper, R. O. Evans, J. B. Richardson, and S. H. White Predicting In Vivo Clinical Performance of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Fixation Methods From In Vitro Analysis: Industrial Tests of Fatigue Life and Tolerance Limits Are More Useful Than Other Cyclic Loading Parameters Am. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2005; 33(5): 666 - 673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ferretti, F. Conteduca, L. Labianca, E. Monaco, and A. De Carli Evolgate Fixation of Doubled Flexor Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Biomechanical Evaluation With Cyclic Loading Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2005; 33(4): 574 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Arnold, D. T. T. Lie, N. Verdonschot, R. de Graaf, A. A. Amis, and A. van Kampen The Remains of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Tension After Cyclic Knee Motion Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2005; 33(4): 536 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Grover, S. M. Howell, and M. L. Hull Early Tension Loss in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft. A Cadaver Study of Four Tibial Fixation Devices J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., February 1, 2005; 87(2): 381 - 390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Aglietti, F. Giron, R. Buzzi, F. Biddau, and F. Sasso Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Compared with Double Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendon Grafts. A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., October 1, 2004; 86(10): 2143 - 2155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Karchin, M.L. Hull, and S.M. Howell Initial Tension and Anterior Load-Displacement Behavior of High-Stiffness Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Constructs J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., August 1, 2004; 86(8): 1675 - 1683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Camillieri, E. G. McFarland, L. E. Jasper, S. M. Belkoff, T. K. Kim, P. B. Rauh, and P. P. Mariani A Biomechanical Evaluation of Transcondylar Femoral Fixation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts Am. J. Sports Med., June 1, 2004; 32(4): 950 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Ahmad, T. R. Gardner, M. Groh, J. Arnouk, and W. N. Levine Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissue Femoral Fixation Devices for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2004; 32(3): 635 - 640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Zantop, A. Weimann, M. Rummler, J. Hassenpflug, and W. Petersen Initial Fixation Strength of Two Bioabsorbable Pins for the Fixation of Hamstring Grafts Compared to Interference Screw Fixation: Single Cycle and Cyclic Loading Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2004; 32(3): 641 - 649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Bailey, D. M. Grover, S. M. Howell, and M. L. Hull Foam-Reinforced Elderly Human Tibia Approximates Young Human Tibia Better Than Porcine Tibia: A Study of the Structural Properties of Three Soft Tissue Fixation Devices Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2004; 32(3): 755 - 764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Nurmi, H. Sievanen, P. Kannus, M. Jarvinen, and T. L. N. Jarvinen Porcine Tibia Is a Poor Substitute for Human Cadaver Tibia for Evaluating Interference Screw Fixation Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2004; 32(3): 765 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. W. Starch, J. W. Alexander, P. C. Noble, S. Reddy, and D. M. Lintner Multistranded Hamstring Tendon Graft Fixation with a Central Four-Quadrant or a Standard Tibial Interference Screw for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Am. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2003; 31(3): 338 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Nurmi, P. Kannus, H. Sievanen, M. Jarvinen, and T. L. N. Jarvinen Compaction Drilling Does Not Increase the Initial Fixation Strength of the Hamstring Tendon Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Cadaver Model Am. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2003; 31(3): 353 - 358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kousa, T. L. N. Jarvinen, M. Vihavainen, P. Kannus, and M. Jarvinen The Fixation Strength of Six Hamstring Tendon Graft Fixation Devices in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Part I: Femoral Site Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2003; 31(2): 174 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kousa, T. L. N. Jarvinen, M. Vihavainen, P. Kannus, and M. Jarvinen The Fixation Strength of Six Hamstring Tendon Graft Fixation Devices in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Part II: Tibial Site Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2003; 31(2): 182 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Markolf, J. R. Zemanovic, and D. R. McAllister Cyclic Loading of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Replacements Fixed with Tibial Tunnel and Tibial Inlay Methods J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., April 1, 2002; 84(4): 518 - 524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Nurmi, T. L. N. Jarvinen, P. Kannus, H. Sievanen, J. Toukosalo, and M. Jarvinen Compaction Versus Extraction Drilling for Fixation of the Hamstring Tendon Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2002; 30(2): 167 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kousa, T. L.N. Jarvinen, P. Kannus, and M. Jarvinen Initial Fixation Strength of Bioabsorbable and Titanium Interference Screws in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Biomechanical Evaluation by Single Cycle and Cyclic Loading Am. J. Sports Med., July 1, 2001; 29(4): 420 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | CONTACT US | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
