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Biomechanical Performance of Bankart Repairs in a Human Cadaveric Shoulder Model

Khalid D. Mohammed, MBChB, FRACS^*, David H. Sonnabend, MBBS BSc (Med), FRACS^*, Jerome A. Goldberg, MBBS, FRACS^*, Simon Hutabarat, MBBS^*, Peter Walker, MBBS^* and William R. Walsh, PhD^*,,

^* Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Orthopaedic Department, Prince of Wales Hospital
Graduate School for Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Address correspondence and reprint requests to William R. Walsh, PhD, Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Traumatic and Orthopaedic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital - Edmund Blacket Building, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia

The objective of this study was to develop a method to evaluate the biomechanical performance of Bankart repairs in a human cadaveric shoulder in a clinically relevant orientation. Twenty fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulder girdles were used to compare the biomechanical performance of intact anteroinferior capsulolabral complexes with the biomechanical performance of three Bankart lesion reconstruction techniques. Repairs were performed on surgically created Bankart lesions. Evaluations were performed with the shoulders in glenohumeral abduction and external rotation. The repair techniques employed interosseous sutures, Mitek GII suture anchors, or Acufex T-Fix devices. The suture material used in all repairs was No. 2 Ti-Cron. The biomechanical performance of the three reconstruction techniques did not differ, but each was significantly inferior compared with that of the intact shoulder samples. The interosseous repairs failed by suture pullout through soft tissue. Repairs in the Mitek GII group failed by pullout of the suture anchors, suture breakage, or pullout of the suture through soft tissue. Repairs in the T-Fix group failed by pullout of the suture through soft tissue or failure of the polymer portion of the T-Fix suture.

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